Playwright介绍、安装、使用

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Playwright介绍、安装、使用

Python

Playwright

Playwright 是微软在 2020 年初开源的新一代自动化测试工具，它的功能类似于 Selenium、Pyppeteer 等，都可以驱动浏览器进行各种自动化操作。它的功能也非常强大，对市面上的主流浏览器都提供了支持，API 功能简洁又强大。虽然诞生比较晚，但是现在发展得非常火热。

因为 Playwright 是一个类似 Selenium 一样可以支持网页页面渲染的工具，再加上其强大又简洁的 API，Playwright 同时也可以作为网络爬虫的一个爬取利器。

### 一、安装

**Python 3.7** 版本及以上，pip命令如下：

`pip install playwright`

初始化操作，Playwrigth会安装 Chromium, Firefox and WebKit 浏览器并配置一些驱动：

`playwright install`

只安装Chromium：

`playwright install chromium`

具体的安装说明可以参考：[https://setup.scrape.center/playwright](https://setup.scrape.center/playwright)

### 二、基本使用

同步模式的例子：
```python
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
 
with sync_playwright() as p:
    for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
        browser = browser_type.launch(headless=False)
        page = browser.new_page()
        page.goto('https://www.baidu.com')
        page.screenshot(path=f'screenshot-{browser_type.name}.png')
        print(page.title())
        browser.close()
```

异步模式例子：
```python
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
 
async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
        for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
            browser = await browser_type.launch()
            page = await browser.new_page()
            await page.goto('https://www.baidu.com')
            await page.screenshot(path=f'screenshot-{browser_type.name}.png')
            print(await page.title())
            await browser.close()
 
asyncio.run(main())
```

### 三、代码生成

启动一个 Firefox 浏览器，将操作结果输出到 script.py 文件，命令如下：
```bash
playwright codegen -o script.py -b firefox
```

运行后会弹出了一个 Firefox 浏览器，同时右侧会输出一个脚本窗口，实时显示当前操作对应的代码。

操作完毕之后，关闭浏览器，Playwright 会生成一个 script.py 文件，内容如下：
```python
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
 
def run(playwright):
    browser = playwright.firefox.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context()
 
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
    page.click("input[name=\"wd\"]")
    page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "nba")
    with page.expect_navigation():
        page.click("text=百度一下")
 
    context.close()
    browser.close()
 
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)
```

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更新日期

2023-11-16 14:14:26

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